Geographic Atrophy
Geographic atrophy is an advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that causes gradual vision loss. It affects the macula – the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision, which allows you to read, drive, and recognize faces. While peripheral (side) vision usually stays intact, geographic atrophy can make everyday tasks more difficult over time. This condition often develops in both eyes, though it may progress at different rates.
Geographic Atrophy Symptoms
Patients may not notice symptoms of geographic atrophy in its early stages or while the condition is in only one eye. Common symptoms of geographic atrophy include:
- Decreased sharpness of vision
- Difficulty with reading, driving, or other tasks that rely on central vision
- A dark spot in your central vision
- Trouble seeing in low-light conditions
- Colors appearing less vibrant
Geographic Atrophy Causes and Risk Factors
In the United States, approximately one million people are affected by geographic atrophy, which occurs in about 20% of all individuals diagnosed with AMD. Researchers are still trying to determine the exact cause of geographic atrophy. Environmental and genetic factors may contribute to the development of geographic atrophy. The complement system, an integral part of our immune response, has been targeted by novel treatments for macular degeneration.
Anyone can develop geographic atrophy, but certain individuals are at a higher risk. These include:
- Individuals over the age of 60
- Those with a family history of macular degeneration
- Smokers or those who have previously smoked
Geographic Atrophy Treatment and Prevention
While there’s no surefire way to prevent geographic atrophy, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing the condition, such as:
- Not smoking
- Managing high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and other chronic conditions
- Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables
AREDS2 supplements, available over the counter in most drug stores, may decrease the risk of progression to advanced forms of macular degeneration and slow progression of geographic atrophy.
Retinal Injections for Geographic Atrophy
In 2023, the FDA approved two new treatments for geographic atrophy: Syfovre (pegcetacoplan) and Izervay (avacincaptad pegol). These medications are given through regular eye injections – typically once a month or every other month – and are designed to slow the progression of the disease. Geographic atrophy occurs when retinal cells gradually deteriorate and die, often due to an overactive immune response. By targeting this process, Syfovre and Izervay can help reduce further damage to the retina, helping preserve vision for as long as possible.
Schedule a Geographic Atrophy Consultation
At Janigian Retina Associates, our highly rated retina specialists and surgeons offer exceptional diagnostic care and treatment for all retinal conditions, including AMD and geographic atrophy. We serve Providence County, South County, and all of Rhode Island, with retina center locations in Providence, Cumberland, Johnston, and Wakefield. Contact us today to schedule an appointment.